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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 12.
Published in final edited form as: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2009 Jul 12;7380(73800C):1–8. doi: 10.1117/12.823752

Fig. 1. Pc 4-PDT-mediated mitochondrial events.

Fig. 1

Pc 4-PDT induces rapid mitochondrial ROS formation assessed by DCF fluorescence. Green fluorescence is DCF fluorescence, and red fluorescence is TMRM fluorescence. Orange-yellow fluorescence indicates polarized mitochondria, who have increased ROS formation. Green fluorescence indicates depolarized mitochondria with increased ROS production. Inner membrane permeabilization is monitored with calcein fluorescence. Punctate mitochondrial calcein fluorescence changes to diffuse calcein fluorescence as a response of the leakage of calcein from mitochondria due to mitochondrial inner membrane permeabilization. This event is followed by mitochondrial depolarization and swelling, as assessed by MitoTracker Red.