. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 11.

Published in final edited form as: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Jul;41(7):1494–1503. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819b6aea

TABLE 3.

Changes in anthropometric and body composition (DEXA): across-group effects for evaluable participants (n = 41).

Outcomes^a	C (n = 7)	N (n = 10)	N + ST (n = 9)	N + CAST (n = 15)	P value^b
Weight (kg)	−0.3 (1.5)	0.3 (1.6)	2.4 (1.8)^c	−0.8 (2.1)^d	0.004
BMI (kg·m⁻²)	−0.5 (0.5)^c	0.3 (1.2)	1.1 (0.6)^d	−0.5 (0.9)^c	0.001
BMI z-score	0.00 (0.08)	0.02 (0.09)	0.08 (0.08)^c	−0.05 (0.09)^d	0.003
BMI percentile	−0.2 (0.2)	−0.1 (1.1)	0.8 (1.2)^g	−0.5 (1.3)^h	0.094
DEXA total fat mass (kg)	0.4 (1.3)	−0.1 (2.1)	0.6 (2.5)^e	−1.4 (1.3)^f	0.045
DEXA total lean mass (kg)	0.2 (1.3)	0.1 (1.5)	1.4 (1.9)	0.8 (1.7)	0.353

Data are adjusted change scores; mean (SD).

P values were calculated using ANCOVA. Covariates included Tanner, baseline-dependent variable (DEXA fat was adjusted for lean, and lean for fat), change in total sugar intake (only included in the weight model), and change in bench press (only included in the BMI and the BMI z-score model).

Means with different letters (c and d) across intervention groups are significantly different from one another using Bonferroni multiple comparisons (P ≤ 0.01).

Means with different letters (e and f) across intervention groups are significantly different from one another using Bonferroni multiple comparisons (P ≤ 0.05).

Means with different letters (g and h) show a trend across intervention groups using Bonferroni multiple comparisons (P ≤ 0.10).

DEXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; C, control; N, nutrition only; N + ST, nutrition + strength training; and N + CAST, nutrition + combination of aerobic and strength training.