Table II.
Key physical and metabolic variables at baseline in the four sub-groups classified according to subsequent 1-year changes in Tanner stage (Means + SD).
| Group 1 (n = 49) | Group 2 (n = 40) | Group 3 (n = 22) | Group 4 (n = 21) | 1-way ANOVA for baseline differences across Groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | Baseline | 9.9±1.5 | 10.5±1.5 | 12.0±1.3 | 12.9±0.7 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 10.9±1.5 | 11.6±1.5 | 13.1±1.3 | 13.9±0.8 | ||
| Weight (kg) | Baseline | 51.5±14.6 | 60.0±17.0 | 66.1±17.9 | 82.8±15.4 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 59.8±16.3 | 69.7±19.6 | 73.6±16.4 | 90.9±17.2 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | Baseline | 25.7±4.1 | 27.6±4.8 | 27.0±5.5 | 32.3±4.5 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 27.4±4.5 | 29.3±5.3 | 28.6±5.3 | 34.2±5.0 | ||
| Fat mass (kg) | Baseline | 19.5±7.5 | 24.0±8.7 | 22.5±10.4 | 33.1±9.1 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 22.8±8.1 | 26.6±9.3 | 24.9±10.0 | 36.3±9.7 | ||
| % Fat | Baseline | 37.3±5.4 | 39.9±5.4 | 33.6±8.2 | 39.9±5.4 | P = 0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 38.0±5.1 | 38.7±5.3 | 33.7±7.8 | 40.5±4.8 | ||
| LTM (kg) | Baseline | 30.1±7.1 | 33.8±8.8 | 41.1±9.8 | 46.9±7.3 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 34.5±8.3 | 39.9±11.0 | 45.9±9.7 | 50.2±8.1 | ||
| FG (mg/dL) | Baseline | 90.9±5.1 | 92.2±7.7 | 92.1±6.4 | 89.2±8.7 | NS |
| 1-Yr later | 92.6±5.4 | 93.2±5.9 | 91.4±7.0 | 91.7±6.7 | ||
| FI (μU/ml) | Baseline | 15.9±9.6 | 19.9±14.1 | 18.6±10.9 | 25.9±9.4 | P = 0.01 |
| 1-Yr later | 21.7±11.3 | 28.2±20.3 | 23.3±13.2 | 31.6±10.9 | ||
| 2hG (mg/dL) | Baseline | 123.6±15.7 | 126.0±16.9 | 129.9±17.2 | 130.4±18.2 | NS |
| 1-Yr later | 127.0±14.3 | 129.4±17.9 | 128.0±23.1 | 129.9±21.7 | ||
| SI [×10−4 min−1/(μU/ml)] | Baseline | 2.75±1.76 | 2.23±1.54 | 2.41±1.56 | 1.33±1.11 | P = 0.008 |
| 1-Yr later | 2.16±1.32 | 1.55±1.09 | 1.82±0.92 | 1.10±0.65 | ||
| AIR (μU/ml) | Baseline | 1622±1198 | 1686±1323 | 1235±853 | 2078±1324 | NS |
| 1-Yr later | 1985±1311 | 2063±1287 | 1139±653 | 1829±1288 | ||
| DI [×10−4 min−1] | Baseline | 3088±1167 | 2595±1173 | 2056±867 | 1932±681 | P<0.001 |
| 1-Yr later | 3190±1612 | 2402±932 | 1721±693 | 1592±863 |
BMI = body mass index; LTM = lean tissue mass; FG = fasting glucose; FI = fasting insulin; 2hG = 2-hour glucose; SI = insulin sensitivity; AIR = acute insulin response; DI = disposition index
Group 1: Children who remained at either Tanner stage 1 or 2 (i.e. early maturation, non-progressors; n = 49)
Group 2: Children who progressed from Tanner stage 1 or 2 to 3 (i.e. early maturation, progressors; n = 40)
Group 3: Children who progressed from Tanner stage 3 to 4 or 5 (i.e. mid- to late-maturation progressors; n = 22)
Group 4: Children who remained at either Tanner 4 or 5 (i.e. late maturation non-progressors; n = 21)