TABLE 3. Effect of Having a Child with Developmental or Mental Health Problems on Well-Being.
Negative affect | Psychological Well-Being | Physical Symptoms | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
Independent variables | |||||||||
Target child has a DP condition | .09*** | .08*** | .05 | −.04† | −.03 | −.01 | .08** | .08** | .08* |
Target child has a MHP condition | .09*** | .10*** | .10** | −.04† | −.05* | −.03 | .06** | .08** | .07† |
Parent’s age (standardized) | −.14*** | −.11** | −.14*** | .02 | −.01 | .02 | −.02 | .01 | −.02 |
Parent’s gender (1 = mother; 0 = father) | .05* | .06* | .05† | .00 | .00 | .01 | .11*** | .12*** | .12*** |
Interaction effects | |||||||||
DP condition × parental age | −.05* | .06* | .00 | ||||||
MHP condition × parental age | −.06* | .05* | −.09** | ||||||
DP condition × parental gender | .05 | −.04 | .00 | ||||||
MHP condition × parental gender | −.01 | −.01 | −.02 | ||||||
Sociodemographic variables | |||||||||
Race (1 = non-Hispanic white; 0 = others) | −.04† | −.05† | −.04† | −.01 | .00 | .00 | .00 | −.01 | .00 |
Education (in years) | −.11*** | −.11*** | −.11*** | .18*** | .18*** | .18*** | −.13*** | −.13*** | −.13*** |
Income | −.07** | −.07** | −.07** | .05† | .05† | .05† | −.07** | −.07** | −.07** |
Employment status (1 = employed; 0 = not employed) | −.10*** | −.10*** | −.10*** | .06* | .05† | .05* | .02 | .02 | .02 |
Marital status (1 = married; 0 = not married) | −.07** | −.07** | −.07** | .10*** | .10*** | .10*** | .03 | .03 | .03 |
Number of children | −.01 | −.01 | −.01 | .07** | .07** | .07** | .06* | .06* | .06* |
Number of co-resident children | .07* | .07* | .08* | −.14*** | −.14*** | −.14*** | −.09** | −.08** | −.09 |
N | 1655 | 1655 | 1655 | 1679 | 1679 | 1679 | 1675 | 1675 | 1675 |
Adjusted R2 | .08 | .08 | .08 | .07 | .07 | .07 | .06 | .07 | .06 |
Notes: DP refers to developmental problems; MHP refers to mental health problems. Standardized coefficients are presented.
p ≤ .10
p ≤ .05
p ≤ .01
p ≤ .001 (two-tailed)