Figure 1. Two-Dimensional Stick Figures Represent the Hindlimb.
Note: A, Stick figures representing more than 2 complete stroke cycles using the 3-segment and 2-angle (IHA and HAT) model. B, Stick figures representing the 3-segment and 4-segment models, the latter including the virtual knee calculated using the known bone lengths for the femur and tibia, the known hip-to-ankle distance (HA), and the known angles “a” and “b” (IHA and HAT). C, A complete swimming stroke cycle broken down into the power stroke and recovery phases using the 4-segment model. Also shown is the elliptical trajectory of the toe relative to the hip for 1 stroke cycle. IHA indicates iliac crest–hip–ankle; HAT, hip–ankle–toe; HA, hip–ankle.