Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| Family history | Negative | Positive | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPI-So group | High | Low | High | Low | p values for group comparisons | |||
| n (F) | 94 (53) | 22 (8) | 61 (45) | 53 (28) | All | Hi− vs. Lo+ | FH | CPI-So |
| Age (year) | 23.6 (.5) | 22.8 (1.0) | 23.2 (.6) | 24.3 (.7) | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| SES | 48.7 (1.4) | 51.5 (2.8) | 41.0 (1.8) | 41.7 (1.8) | 0.0002 | 0.01 | 0.0001 | NS |
| Education (year) | 15.6 (.2) | 15.2 (.4) | 15.4 (.2) | 14.4 (.3) | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.032 | 0.002 |
| Shipley vocabulary | 31 (.4) | 29 (.8) | 30 (.5) | 29 (.5) | 0.079 | NS | NS | 0.01 |
| BDI | 3.4 (.5) | 6.1 (.9) | 4.6 (.6) | 7.1 (.6) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.0001 |
| EPI – Neuroticism | 4.9 (.4) | 5.7 (.9) | 5.9 (.5) | 7.4 (.6) | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Caffeine (mg/d) | 110 (14) | 110 (30) | 104 (18) | 153 (19) | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| AUDIT | 2.5 (.3) | 3.3 (.6) | 3.2 (.4) | 3.9 (.4) | 0.052 | 0.035 | 0.026 | NS |
| Cahalan (oz/mo) | 35 (4) | 38 (8) | 46 (5) | 52 (5) | 0.048 | 0.044 | 0.007 | NS |
| Tobacco (% using weekly) | 5 | 23 | 10 | 26 | 0.0013 | 0.0003 | 0.04 | 0.0001 |
| Drug use (n) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||||
| Failed drug screen (n) | 0 (0%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (1%) | 7 (12%) | ||||
Entries are M (SE) unless given otherwise.
All, p-values comparing all 4 risk groups using full multivariate model. Post-hoc Tukey comparisons as follows: Hi− vs. Lo+, Hi Risk vs. Lo Risk subgroups; FH, FH+ vs. FH− groups; CPI-So, California Personality Inventory Sociability scale scores <30 vs. ≥30; Tobacco use comparisons based on chi-square test. SES, Hollingshead and Redlich Socioeconomic Status score. All scores shown are considered “Middle Class.” Shipley, Shipley Institute of Living vocabulary score; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EPI, Eysenck Personality Inventory; Caffeine, caffeine consumption from all sources by structured interview; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Cahalan, estimated alcohol intake from volume and frequency reports by structured interview; Drug use, number of subjects in each group who reported “ever using” 1 or more of 11 categories of illicit or prescription psychoactive drugs other than alcohol; Failed Drug Screen, number of subjects and percentage of each group who failed a urine drug screen given on a scheduled day of testing.