Table 4.

Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes associated with Autoantibodies in Men versus Women

Autoantibody	Outcome	Events		Hazard ratio (95% CI)*
		Men	Women	Men	Women
RF	MI, HF or PVD**	313	558	1.46 (1.04, 2.04)	1.14 (0.88, 1.46)
	Death	382	616	1.31 (1.00, 1.71)	1.56 (1.27, 1.92)
ANA	MI, HF or PVD**	310	580	1.40 (1.07, 1.82)	1.22 (1.02, 1.45)
	Death	475	667	1.17 (0.95, 1.44)	1.20 (1.02, 1.41)

^*Adjusted for age, calendar year, comorbidity, and presence of rheumatic disease

^**Defined as the first occurrence of any of the 3 events

RF = rheumatoid factor; ANA = antinuclear antibody; MI = myocardial infarction; HF = heart failure; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; comorbidity = chronic disease comorbidities (9)