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Mean net ion fluxes (nmol m−2 s−1) by zone and pH for pitchers of N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata, and N. rafflesiana. Closed circles, NH4+; open circles, H+. Positive values indicate net influx from lumen into pitcher tissue; negative values indicate net efflux into lumen from pitcher tissue. Bars indicate 1 SE (n=3 per species).
