TABLE 3.
Distribution of Sample Background Characteristics, Psychosocial Stressors, and Psychosocial Resources, by Race/Ethnicity: National Survey of American Life, February 2001 to March 2003
| Black American (n = 3247) |
Caribbean Black (n = 1427) |
Non-Hispanic Whites (n = 819) |
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| Unweighted No. (Weighted %) | Mean (SE) | Unweighted No. (Weighted %) | Mean (SE) | Unweighted No. (Weighted %) | Mean (SE) | P | |
| Self-rated oral health | NS | ||||||
| Fair or poor | 1000 (29.47) | 316 (23.52) | 221 (27.11) | ||||
| Good, very good, excellent (ref) | 2247 (70.53) | 1111 (76.48) | 598 (72.89) | ||||
| Model 1: background | |||||||
| Age, y | NS | ||||||
| 18–29 | 760 (25.25) | 398 (32.27) | 144 (20.86) | ||||
| 30–44 | 1180 (35.74) | 540 (34.46) | 249 (33.86) | ||||
| 45–59 | 771 (23.78) | 309 (19.93) | 234 (26.39) | ||||
| > 59 | 536 (15.23) | 180 (13.34) | 192 (18.90) | ||||
| Education | .002 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 824 (23.79) | 257 (20.5) | 137 (15.28) | ||||
| High school diploma or more (ref) | 2423 (76.21) | 1170 (79.5) | 682 (84.71) | ||||
| Gender | NS | ||||||
| Men | 1165 (44.52) | 597 (53.18) | 345 (47.46) | ||||
| Women (ref) | 2082 (55.48) | 830 (46.82) | 474 (52.54) | ||||
| Income, $ | <.001 | ||||||
| ≤ 12 000 | 760 (19.71) | 182 (12.7) | 106 (11.70) | ||||
| 12 001–19 999 | 715 (18.97) | 231 (13.96) | 138 (12.93) | ||||
| 22 000–34 999 | 627 (19.16) | 320 (20.07) | 159 (17.65) | ||||
| 35 000–53 999 | 624 (20.94) | 308 (20.78) | 184 (23.90) | ||||
| > 54 000 (ref) | 521 (21.22) | 386 (32.49) | 232 (33.82) | ||||
| Household size | 2.86 (0.04) | 2.90 (0.09) | 2.45 (0.09) | <.001 | |||
| Model 2: psychosocial stressors | |||||||
| Depression | <.001 | ||||||
| During past 12 mo | 178 (5.30) | 65 (7.78) | 66 (7.96) | ||||
| No depression (ref) | 3069 (94.69) | 1362 (92.22) | 753 (92.04) | ||||
| No. material hardships | 0.94 (0.04) | 0.87 (0.08) | 0.7 (0.05) | <.001 | |||
| Employment status | <.001 | ||||||
| Unemployed | 337 (10.22) | 138 (8.58) | 36 (4.66) | ||||
| Employed/not in labor force (ref) | 2910 (89.78) | 1289 (91.42) | 783 (95.34) | ||||
| Everyday Discrimination Scale score | 4.74 (0.03) | 4.66 (0.07) | 5.11 (0.03) | <.001 | |||
| Chronic Stress score | 1.76 (0.05) | 1.69 (0.09) | 1.35 (0.06) | <.001 | |||
| Financial Stress score | 3.95 (0.06) | 4.19 (0.14) | 3.71 (0.10) | .035 | |||
| Neighborhood crime | <.001 | ||||||
| Frequent | 647 (19.90) | 254 (18.03) | 105 (11.58) | ||||
| Infrequent (ref) | 2600 (80.10) | 1173 (81.97) | 714 (88.41) | ||||
| Neighborhood drug problems | <.001 | ||||||
| Drug problems exist | 1309 (40.16) | 532 (38.01) | 227 (24.54) | ||||
| Few drug problems (ref) | 1938 (59.84) | 895 (61.99) | 592 (75.46) | ||||
| Model 3: psychosocial resources | |||||||
| Self-Esteem Scale score | 16.10 (0.06) | 16.34 (0.06) | 16.02 (0.06) | NS | |||
| Mastery Scale score | 18.44 (0.09) | 17.88 (0.39) | 18.58 (0.16) | NS | |||
| Church attendance | NS | ||||||
| Regular | 1278 (36.86) | 543 (32.16) | 280 (32.24) | ||||
| Less than once per wk (ref) | 1969 (63.14) | 884 (67.84) | 539 (67.76) | ||||
| Importance of Religion Scale score | 3.75 (0.01) | 3.68 (0.04) | 3.32 (0.06) | <.001 | |||
| No. neighborhood resources | 4.92 (0.09) | 5.69 (0.14) | 4.43 (0.20) | .019 | |||
Note. NS = nonsignificant. Higher scores on the Everyday Discrimination, Chronic Stress, and Financial Stress scales reflect higher levels of perceived discrimination and stress. Higher scores on the Self-Esteem, Mastery, and Importance of Religion scales reflect higher levels of each respective variable.