Table 3.

Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals of becoming overweight and/or obese across alcohol intake

		Incident Overweight or Obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2)			Incident Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)
	Total N	N	RR (95%CI)		N	RR (95%CI)
			Age adjusted	Multivariate† Adjusted		Age adjusted	Multivariate† Adjusted
All alcohol
No Alcohol	7346	3150	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	337	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
>0-<5 g/day	6312	2721	0.96 (0.91 – 1.01)	0.96 (0.91 – 1.01)	250	0.79 (0.67 – 0.93)	0.75 (0.63 – 0.89)
5-<15 g/day	3865	1500	0.84 (0.79 – 0.89)	0.86 (0.80 – 0.92)	104	0.55 (0.44 – 0.68)	0.43 (0.34 – 0.56)
15-<30 g/day	1129	376	0.73 (0.65 – 0.81)	0.70 (0.62 – 0.79)	28	0.55 (0.38 – 0.81)	0.39 (0.25 – 0.60)
≥30 g/day	568	195	0.78 (0.67 – 0.90)	0.73 (0.62 – 0.85)	13	0.55 (0.32 – 0.96)	0.29 (0.15 – 0.54)
P‡, linear			< 0.0001	< 0.0001		< 0.0001	< 0.0001
P¶, curvilinear			< 0.0001	< 0.0001		< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Beer
Rarely/Never	14638	6143	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	595	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1–4 drink/m	2969	1184	0.94 (0.87 – 1.00)	0.93 (0.87 – 1.00)	87	0.77 (0.60 – 0.97)	0.74 (0.57 – 0.95)
2–6 drink/wk	941	362	0.89 (0.79 – 0.99)	0.86 (0.76 – 0.97)	28	0.79 (0.54 – 1.17)	0.65 (0.42 – 0.99)
≥1 drink/d	298	118	0.92 (0.75 – 1.12)	0.76 (0.62 – 0.94)	13	1.11 (0.63 – 1.97)	0.63 (0.34 – 1.18)
P‡, linear			0.04	0.0004		0.37	0.02
P¶, curvilinear			0.02	0.04		0.03	0.007
Red Wine
Rarely/Never	14043	5980	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	598	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1–4 drink/m	3328	1304	0.90 (0.84 – 0.96)	0.95 (0.89 – 1.02)	92	0.70 (0.55 – 0.89)	0.75 (0.59 – 0.97)
2–6 drink/wk	1026	369	0.83 (0.74 – 0.93)	0.89 (0.79 – 1.00)	25	0.66 (0.43 – 1.01)	0.63 (0.40 – 0.98)
≥1 drink/d	292	88	0.65 (0.51 – 0.82)	0.66 (0.52 – 0.84)	5	0.52 (0.22 – 1.26)	0.47 (0.19 – 1.14)
P‡, linear			< 0.0001	0.0002		0.002	0.004
P¶, curvilinear			0.04	0.07		0.14	0.25
White Wine
Rarely/Never	10117	4315	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	431	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1–4 drink/m	5678	2364	0.96 (0.91 – 1.01)	1.00 (0.94 – 1.06)	210	0.92 (0.77 – 1.11)	0.93 (0.77 – 1.13)
2–6 drink/wk	2269	845	0.85 (0.78 – 0.92)	0.91 (0.84 – 0.99)	64	0.74 (0.56 – 0.99)	0.71 (0.52 – 0.96)
≥1 drink/d	807	268	0.76 (0.67 – 0.87)	0.88 (0.77 – 1.02)	16	0.58 (0.35 – 0.95)	0.41 (0.22 – 0.74)
P‡, linear			< 0.0001	0.03		0.002	0.0003
P¶, curvilinear			< 0.0001	0.002		0.13	0.09
Liquor
Rarely/Never	13409	5559	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	533	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1–4 drink/m	3542	1545	1.12 (1.05 – 1.19)	1.01 (0.95 – 1.07)	142	1.17 (0.96 – 1.43)	1.04 (0.84 – 1.28)
2–6 drink/wk	1330	518	1.03 (0.94 – 1.14)	0.95 (0.86 – 1.06)	37	0.90 (0.63 – 1.28)	0.73 (0.50 – 1.06)
≥1 drink/d	620	198	0.88 (0.76 – 1.03)	0.76 (0.65 – 0.90)	10	0.66 (0.34 – 1.28)	0.38 (0.17 – 0.81)
P‡, linear			0.87	0.008		0.26	0.005
P¶, curvilinear			0.96	0.04		0.66	0.87

^†Multivariate model additionally adjusted for race (white, non-white), baseline BMI (continuous), randomized treatment (vitamin E, aspirin, β-carotene, or placebo), total non-alcohol energy intake (continuous), physical activity (<200, 200-<600, 600-<1500, ≥1500 kcal/wk), smoking (never, former, current), post-menopausal status (yes, no, uncertain), post-menopausal hormone use (never, former, current), multivitamin use (never, former, current), history of hypercholesterolemia (yes, no) and hypertension (yes, no), intake of fruit and vegetables, whole grains, refined grains, red meats and poultry, low-fat dairy products, high-fat dairy products, energy-adjusted total fat, carbohydrates, and fiber (all in quintiles).

^‡Linear trends were tested using the median value of each alcohol intake category as an ordinal variable.

^¶Curvilinear trends were tested by including the quadratic term of continuous alcohol intake in the model.