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. 2010 Jan 19;102(4):639–644. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605530

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Copyright © 2010 Cancer Research UK

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The downstream signalling pathways of TNF-α. The TNF-α can activate different pathways to induce apoptosis, cell survival or inflammation. Tumour necrosis factor induces the apoptosis by binding caspase-8 to FADD and promotes inflammation and survival, which is mediated through TRAF2 via JNK-dependent kinase cascade, MEKK kinase cascade and NF-κB activation by RIP.