FIG. 1.

Relative expression ratio of cytokines following infection of CEF cells with TROVAC-AIV H5 compared to that of control cells. The relative expression of IFN-α (A), IFN-β (B), IFN-γ (C), IL-1 β (D), and chIL-8 (E) in CEF cells was measured following mock infection or infection with TROVAC-AIV H5 at different time points postinfection in four independent experiments. Target and reference gene expression in the cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and the expression ratio was calculated as the means of gene expression in samples of TROVAC-AIV H5-treated mice compared to that of the controls. An asterisk indicates significant difference (P < 0.05). Error bars represent standard errors from the means.