Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Assigned To Teaching Hospitalist vs. Non-Hospitalist Services.
| All (n = 9037) |
TH (n = 2913) |
NH (n =6124) |
p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age- mean ± SD | 64.9 ± 17.8 | 65.3 ± 17.6 | 64.7 ± 17.9 | 0.21 |
| Female- no.(%) | 5254 (58.1) | 1659 (57.0) | 3595 (58.7) | 0.12 |
| Service- no.(%) | 6650 (73.6) | 2167 (74.4) | 4483 (73.2) | 0.23 |
| Prior Admit no. (%) | 2390 (26.4) | 797 (27.4) | 1593 (26.0) | 0.18 |
| Albumin mean ± SD | 3.80 ± 0.70 | 3.77 ± 0.68 | 3.82 ± 0.66 | 0.002 |
| DRG wt- mean ± SD | 1.24 ± 1.56 | 1.20 ± 1.33 | 1.27 ± 1.66 | 0.03 |
| DRG wt- median | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.90 |
| Insurance No. (%) | 0.04 | |||
| Self-Pay | 78 (0.9) | 19 (0.7) | 59 (1.0) | |
| Medicaid | 2964 (32.8) | 1008 (34.6) | 1956 (31.9) | |
| Medicare | 3984 (44.1) | 1244 (42.7) | 2740 (44.7) | |
| Commercial | 2008 (22.2) | 640 (22.0) | 1368 (22.3) | |
| Race-Ethnicity No. (%) | 0.44 | |||
| White | 2527 (28.0) | 786 (27.0) | 1741 (28.4) | |
| Black | 2617 (29.0) | 847 (29.1) | 1770 (28.9) | |
| Hispanic | 2958 (32.7) | 964 (33.1) | 1994 (32.6) | |
| Unknown/Other | 935 (10.3) | 316 (10.8) | 619 (10.1) | |
| Diagnosis† No. (%) | ||||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 817 (9.0) | 262 (9.0) | 555 (9.1) | 0.92 |
| Chest Pain | 679 (7.5) | 221 (7.6) | 458 (7.5) | 0.86 |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 497 (5.5) | 167 (5.7) | 330 (5.4) | 0.50 |
| Pneumonia | 618 (6.8) | 180 (6.2) | 438 (7.2) | 0.09 |
| Asthma/COPD | 523 (5.8) | 168 (5.8) | 355 (5.8) | 0.96 |
| Coronary Disease w/o Infarction | 406 (4.5) | 131 (4.5) | 275 (4.5) | 0.99 |
| Diabetes Decompensated‡ | 333 (3.7) | 96 (3.3) | 237 (3.9) | 0.18 |
| Arrhythmia | 294 (3.3) | 85 (2.9) | 209 (3.4) | 0.22 |
| Sepsis | 257 (2.8) | 79 (2.7) | 178 (2.9) | 0.60 |
| Gastrointestinal Bleeding | 247 (2.7) | 79 (2.7) | 168 (2.7) | 0.93 |
| Syncope | 232 (2.6) | 80 (2.7) | 152 (2.5) | 0.46 |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 228 (2.5) | 82 (2.8) | 146 (2.4) | 0.22 |
| Fluid/Electrolyte Disorder | 209 (2.3) | 76 (2.6) | 133 (2.2) | 0.20 |
| Neoplasm | 200 (2.2) | 69 (2.4) | 131 (2.1) | 0.49 |
| Enteritis/Diarrhea | 191 (2.1) | 55 (1.9) | 136 (2.2) | 0.30 |
| Renal Failure | 190 (2.1) | 66 (2.3) | 124 (2.0) | 0.46 |
| Acid/Peptic Disease | 177 (2.0) | 71 (2.4) | 106 (1.7) | 0.02 |
| Cellulitis | 175 (1.9) | 62 (2.1) | 113 (1.8) | 0.36 |
| Complication of Surgery/Procedure | 162 (1.8) | 57 (2.0) | 105 (1.7) | 0.42 |
| Hepatitis/Cirrhosis | 153 (1.7) | 53 (1.8) | 100 (1.6) | 0.52 |
| Acute Cerebro-vascular Accident | 129 (1.4) | 37 (1.3) | 92 (1.5) | 0.39 |
| Thromboembolic Disease | 120 (1.3) | 43 (1.5) | 77 (1.3) | 0.40 |
| HIV | 119 (1.3) | 40 (1.4) | 79 (1.3) | 0.75 |
| Anemia | 101 (1.1) | 31 (1.1) | 70 (1.1) | 0.74 |
| Pancreatitis | 72 (0.8) | 29 (1.0) | 43 (0.7) | 0.14 |
| Hemoglobin SS Disease | 38 (0.4) | 13 (0.5) | 25 (0.4) | 0.79 |
| Other Diagnosis | 1870 (20.7) | 581 (19.9) | 1289 (21.0) | 0.23 |
TH= Teaching Hospitalist; NH= Non-Hospitalist
*
Continuous variables reported as mean ± Standard deviation and groups compared using t-test with equal or unequal variance, as appropriate.
Categorical variables reported as number (percent) and compared using χ2. Medians of Age and DRG-Weight compared using Mann-Whitney.
For zero-sum variables race-ethnicity and insurance χ2 reported for whole group and by category.
†
Diagnoses grouped by ICD-9 code according to clinical classifications by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and collapsed into clinical categories.
‡
Includes Diabetic-ketoacidosis, hyper-osmolar non-ketotic, and hyperglycemia