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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;88:199–222. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)88008-2

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Schematic of a signaling cascade activated by opiates. Opiates via the μ-opioid receptor activates the dopiminergic pathway leading to the increased DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr34 and increased PP-1 inhibition which modulates ERK activation and consequently the expression of the downstream transcriptional molecule CREB.