Figure 3.

Marcgraviaceae/Tetrameristaceae/Balsaminaceae. (a–i) Synorganization of androecium and gynoecium. (a,b) Schwartzia brasiliensis (Marcgraviaceae). (a) Anthetic flower, lateral view. (b) Ovary, lateral view, showing imprint marks of stamens. (c,d) Marcgravia rectiflora (Marcgraviaceae). (c) Pre-anthetic flower with perianth removed, lateral view. (d) Ovary, lateral view, showing imprint marks of stamens. (e,f) Pentamerista neotropica (Tetrameristaceae). (e) Pre-anthetic flower with perianth removed, lateral view; arrowhead indicates the distal limit of post-genital fusion between filament and gynoecium. (f) Transverse section of filament [f] and gynoecium [g] showing post-genital fusion. (g,h) Pelliciera rhizophorae (Tetrameristaceae). (g) Partial lateral view of androecium and gynoecium; arrowhead indicates the distal limit of post-genital fusion between filament and gynoecium. (h) Transverse section of filament [f] and gynoecium [g] showing post-genital fusion. (i,j) Impatiens auricoma (Balsaminaceae). (i) Pre-anthetic flower with perianth removed, lateral view; arrowhead indicates the region of post-genital fusion of filaments and gynoecium. (j) Transverse section of filament [f] and gynoecium [g] showing post-genital fusion. (k–o) Stamen structure. (k) Marcgravia rectiflora (Marcgraviaceae); stamen, adaxial view; close-up of thecal threads. (l) Schwartzia brasiliensis (Marcgraviaceae); stamen, adaxial view; close-up of thecal threads. (m) Impatiens auricoma (Balsaminaceae); entire androecium, lateral view; close-up of thecal threads. (n) Pentamerista neotropica (Tetrameristaceae); anther in adaxial view, filament in abaxial view; close-up of thecal threads. (o) Pelliciera rhizophorae (Tetrameristaceae); adaxial views of connective protrusion, partial anther and the free part of the filament; close-up of thecal threads. Scale bars: (a,c,g) = 2 mm; (b,d,e,i,k,m,o) = 1 mm; (f,h,j) = 50 µm; (l,n) = 100 µm.