FIGURE 1.

A, predicted phosphorylation sites on hnRNP A18 carboxyl-terminal end. Residues 138–172 are depicted. CK2 sites are in red boxes, and the predicted GSK3 sites are highlighted in blue. B–E, confocal microscopy of RKO cells transfected with GFP-hnRNP A18. The cells were left untreated (B, control), exposed to UV radiation (C, 14 Jm⁻², 4 h), or treated with either CK2 inhibitor (D) or GSK3 inhibitor (E) for 1 h prior to UV exposure. F, relative expression of GFP-hnRNP A18 expressed as a ratio (%) of cytoplasmic over total GFP-hnRNP A18. t test was used to calculate statistical significance between UV and CK2 inhibitor + UV; UV and GSK3β inhibitor + UV; CK2 inhibitor + UV and GSK3β inhibitor + UV. All of the calculations yield p < 0.001 (*).