FIGURE 1.

Resveratrol activates AMPK. A–C, APP-HEK293 cells were treated for 24 h with 40 μm resveratrol or DMSO (Control). Cell extracts were then probed on human phosphoprotein arrays. Results were expressed as a % of the control levels (A). Representative phosphoprotein array analyses are shown in B and C. Boxes 1–3 indicate phospho-Thr-174 AMPKα1, phospho-Thr-172 AMPKα2, and phospho-Ser-133 CREB, respectively. D, APP-HEK293 cells were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of resveratrol (RSV). Two independent sources of polyphenol were tested: synthetic resveratrol (Sigma, >99%, GC) and purified natural resveratrol isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum (Chromadex, 99%, HPLC). Cell extracts were then analyzed by WB for secreted total Aβ, and cellular phospho-AMPK (pAMPK), AMPK, phospho-ACC (pACC), ACC, actin, phospho-CREB (pCREB), CREB, and c-Fos levels. E, shown are densitometric analysis and quantification of the ratios pAMPK/AMPK, pACC/ACC, and pCREB/CREB in three independent experiments as in D. a.u., arbitrary units. F and G, APP-HEK293 cells were treated for 24 h with the indicated concentrations of catechin or with 40 μm RSV. Secreted Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels were analyzed by ELISA (F). The levels of the indicated proteins were analyzed by WB (G). Histograms in E and F show the means ± S.D. of three independent experiments. CTRL, control.