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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Biochem. 2007 Jul 1;101(4):830–839. doi: 10.1002/jcb.21186

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

MMP-3-induced ROS activate EMT. A: SCp2 cells treated with MMP-3 stimulate increased production of Rac1b, as assessed by Rac1 activity assay and Western blot with Rac1b-specific antibody. B: Exposure to MMP-3 activates redox-sensitive fluorescent dye DCFDA in Rac1/Rac1b-dependent fashion. C: MMP-3 treatment induces mitochondrial production of superoxide as shown by precipitation of nitrobluetetrazolium in cells treated with MMP-3 (b) as compared to untreated cells (a). D: MMP-3 treatment induces mitochondrial depolarization as shown by loss of punctuate red staining of the J-aggregate and increased diffuse green staining of the monomeric form in the MMP-3-treated cells (b) as compared to untreated (a). E–F: Exposure to H2O2 induces cell scattering (E) and invasiveness through Matrigel (F), as compared with MMP-3-treated cells. Scale bars for C–D, 10 μm; for E, 50 μm. G: MMP-3-induced upregulation of mesenchymal vimentin expression is inhibited by NAC and is reproduced by exposure to H2O2 or by expression of Rac1b. Adapted from Radisky et al., 2005.