Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the entire study sample (n=785) and stratified by leptin quartiles
| Leptin quartile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
| N | 785 | 196 | 196 | 196 | 197 |
| Women, % | 62% [490/785] | 63% [123/196] | 62% [122/196] | 63% [123/196] | 62% [122/197] |
| Age, years | 79±5 | 79±5 | 79±5 | 79±4 | 78±4 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 143±21 | 144±21 | 141±20 | 143±19 | 146±23 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 72±11 | 71±12 | 71±10 | 74±10 | 74±11 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28±5 | 24±3 | 26±3 | 29±4 | 32±5 |
| BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, % | 28% [221/782] | 3% [6/194] | 11% [22/195] | 37% [73/196] | 54% [120/197] |
| Waist-to-hip ratio, cm | 0.93±0.09 | 0.89±0.09 | 0.92±0.08 | 0.94±0.08 | 0.96±0.08 |
| Antihypertensive treatment, % | 49% [378/771] | 35% [67/194] | 49% [96/189] | 50% [96/193] | 63% [122/195] |
| Current smoking, % | 8% [68/782] | 14% [28/196] | 9% [17/195] | 7% [13/195] | 4% [7/196] |
| Diabetes, % | 12% [94/785] | 9% [17/196] | 8% [16/196] | 12% [24/196] | 19% [37/197] |
| History of atrial fibrillation, % | 9% [70/785] | 9% [18/196] | 10%[ 19/196] | 8% [15/196] | 9% [18/197] |
| History of CVD, % | 31% [240/785] | 27%[53/196] | 28% [55/196] | 34% [66/196] | 34% [66/197] |
| Biochemical features | |||||
| Total/HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 4.5±1.5 | 3.9±1.3 | 4.6±1.5 | 4.7±1.5 | 5.0±1.6 |
| Leptin, ng/ml, median (range), Women | 17.3 (2.4–84.1) | 7.4 (2.4–10.6) | 14.5 (10.7–17.3) | 22.5 (17.4–28.6) | 38.0 (28.8–84.1) |
| Leptin, ng/ml, median (range), Men | 7.2 (1.1–60.6) | 3.6 (1.1–4.5) | 5.6 (4.6–7.2) | 8.9 (7.2–11.4) | 14.3 (11.6–60.6) |
| Homocysteine, μmol/L, median (range) | 11.0 (3.5–41.9) | 10.0 (4.1–35.5) | 11.3 (3.5–40.0) | 11.4 (5.1–29.3) | 11.0 (4.9–41.9) |
| Serum creatinine concentration, mg/dL | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 0.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 |
| Other covariates | |||||
| High school graduate, % | 69% [530/767] | 69% [134/194] | 68% [130/192] | 71% [136/192] | 69% [130/189] |
| CES-D scale | 7.1±7.5 | 6.7±7.2 | 7.3±7.3 | 7.1±7.8 | 7.2±7.6 |
| APOE ε4 genotype: ≥ 1 APOE ε4 allele, % | 20% [153/753] | 28% [54/189] | 18% [34/189] | 23% [44/192] | 12% [23/145] |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CES-D, center for epidemiologic studies depression scale; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; APOE, apolipoprotein E; Log, natural-logarithmically transformed.
Data are percent for binary traits and mean±SD for continuous traits; except as noted