Table 2.

Association of sex-standardized log-leptin with incident all-cause dementia and incident Alzheimer’s disease

	All-cause Dementia			Alzheimer’s Disease
	Hazard Ratio			Hazard Ratio
Model	Cases/N	(95% CI)	P	Cases/N	(95% CI)	P
A. Age- and sex-adjusted	111/785	0.70 [0.57–0.85]	<0.001	89/785	0.58 [0.47–0.73]	<0.001
B. adjusting for basic risk factors*	98/657	0.68 [0.55–0.85]	<0.001	79/657	0.57 [0.45–0.72]	<0.001
C. Model B plus vascular risk factors (WHR)†	95/641	0.68 [0.54–0.87]	0.002	77/641	0.60 [0.46–0.79]	<0.001
C2. Model B plus vascular risk factors (BMI)§	96/643	0.75 [0.56–1.02]	0.063	77/643	0.64 [0.46–0.89]	0.008
D. Model C plus ΔWHR	90/608	0.72 [0.56–0.94]	0.014	73/608	0.64 [0.48–0.85]	0.002
E. Model C plus CES-D scale	91/629	0.66 [0.51–0.84]	0.001	74/629	0.59 [0.45–0.78]	0.001

^*Adjustment for age, sex, plasma homocysteine in the top age-specific quartile, APO E ε4-genotype

^†Adjustment for age, sex, plasma homocysteine in the top age-specific quartile, APO E ε4-genotype, WHR, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation

^§Adjustment for age, sex, plasma homocysteine in the top age-specific quartile, APO E-genotype, BMI, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, smoking, atrial fibrillation.

Hazard ratios are per one-SD increment in sex-standardized log-leptin.

Abbreviations: WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; APO E, apolipoprotein E; CI, confidence interval; ΔWHR, change in WHR from exam 21 to exam 22 (when leptin was assayed) CES-D, center for epidemiologic studies depression scale.

The number of individuals in the denominator decreased with the number of covariates in the model, because some covariates were not available in every participant