Table 2.

Definitions of Coping Dimensions, Examples, and Cohen's Kappa Interrater Reliability

Coping Dimension	Definition	Examples	Cohen's Kappa
Active			.87
Problem-Focused	Cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage the stressful situation itself.	1. "Talked to [roommate] and worked it out." 2. "I told [staff] that he wasn't doing dishes so they make him do dishes."	.85
Emotion-Focused	Efforts to manage the emotional response to a stressor by focusing directly on it in an active and constructive fashion.	1."Think about my best friend who likes me. Is my friend." 2."Tell myself that I'm living by myself soon so don't have to see her	.78
Support-Seeking	Use of other people as a resource to identify solutions for the stressor or provide understanding of feelings.	1."Talked to [staff] about it and they told me to tell my boss." 2. "Told my doctor about it and they made me feel better."	.87
Avoidant			.83
Behavioral	Efforts to avoid the problem by staying away from it or leaving it.	1."Yelled back and then go to my room so don't see her." 2. "I was so mad at my boss so I left work and didn't go back."	.83
Cognitive	Cognitive efforts to repress or not think about the problem or wish it away.	1. "Try to forgot about it. Pretend they don't exist" 2. "Dream about being pretty."	.76

Note. Criteria are modified from Ayers, Sandler, Bernzweig, Harrison, Wampler, and Lustig (1989) and Program for Prevention Research (1999). If coping effort involved managing the stressful situation itself through using staff or family (e.g., staff enforced rule or changed practice/policy), it was coded as Problem-Focused coping. If coping effort involved soliciting advice or solutions from staff or family that latter resulted in altering the stressful sitaution, it was coded as Support Seeking coping.