shRNAs accelerate the onset of MYC-induced HCC. Shown are Kaplan–Meier survival curves of adult MYC ON or OFF mice injected through their tail vein with AAV-8 encoding the indicated shRNAs. Also shown are survival curves of noninjected or CCl4-treated adult MYC ON or OFF mice. Cohorts consisted of 5–10 mice. Mice were euthanized when moribund with tumor burden. MYC transgene expression was activated by doxycycline removal from the drinking water on the day of AAV-8/shRNA injection. AAV-8, adeno-associated virus serotype-8; CCl4, carbon tetrachloride; hAAT, human α-1-antitrypsin; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; sAg, surface antigen; shRNA, short hairpin RNA.