Table 1.
Determination of cytokine production (pg·mL−1) on days 30 and 90 after starting treatment with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and P10
|
Treatment Groups |
Th1 |
Th2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
IL-12 |
IFN-γ |
IL-4 |
IL-10 |
|||||
| 30 | 90 | 30 | 90 | 30 | 90 | 30 | 90 | |
| PBS | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 13.9 ± 0.5 | 11.4 ± 6.0 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 3.7 ± 0.4# |
| Sulfa + Trim | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 11.4 ± 2.6 | 11.2 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.2# |
| PLGA/Sulfa + Trim | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 6.8 ± 2.0 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 0.4 |
| Sulfa + Trim/Freund/P10: 20 µg | 10.9 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 10.6 ± 2.4* | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.1 |
| Sulfa + Trim/PLGA/P10: 1 µg | 7.0 ± 1.9 | 5.5 ± 2.7 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 7.7 ± 1.1* | 11.6 ± 0.5 | 15.1 ± 1.2 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
| Sulfa + Trim/PLGA/P10: 5 µg | 8.4 ± 2.5 | 8.7 ± 3.5 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 1.2 | 17.9 ± 6.7 | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.5 |
| Sulfa + Trim/PLGA/P10: 10 µg | 7.6 ± 3.4 | 13.4 ± 7.6 | 2.9 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 14.8 ± 0.5 | 17.8 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.3# |
Not significant between groups,
different for 10 µg P10-PLGA compared with PBS and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim groups (P < 0.05).
Values are means ± standard deviations of measurements from each group.
Bold: show high levels of IFN-γ compared with the group treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. These two groups also showed lower CFUs (see Figure 1).
Italic: decrease in the production of IL-10 in the groups treated with free P10 and encapsulated P10 (1 µg) compared with the group treated with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
CFUs, colony-forming units; IFN-gamma, interferon-γ; IL, interleukin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PLGA, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid); Sulfa + Trim, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.