Table 2.
Association of Patient Characteristics with 30-Day Hospital Readmission in the Derivation Cohort
| Category | Characteristica | Readmitted n = 1,274 | Not readmitted n = 6,013 | Odds ratio (95% CI)b | P valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | Male sex (%) | 41.8 | 43.8 | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 0.30 |
| Age group (%) | |||||
| 18–39 years | 20.1 | 22.2 | 1.14 (0.89–1.46) | 0.30 | |
| 40–60 years | 34.9 | 35.8 | 1.20 (0.96–1.50) | 0.11 | |
| 61–75 years | 24.9 | 22.7 | 1.18 (0.98–1.41) | 0.08 | |
| > 75 years | 20.2 | 19.3 | Reference | ||
| Race/ethnicity (%) | |||||
| White | 44.2 | 46.0 | Reference | ||
| Black | 38.8 | 35.7 | 1.11 (0.90–1.38) | 0.34 | |
| Asian | 4.4 | 5.3 | 0.88 (0.65–1.19) | 0.41 | |
| Other | 5.7 | 6.0 | 0.94 (0.70–1.27) | 0.69 | |
| Hispanic | 7.0 | 7.0 | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) | 0.81 | |
| Income in dollars (%) | |||||
| ≤ 15,000 | 23.6 | 24.9 | 0.90 (0.70–1.17) | 0.44 | |
| 15,001–35,000 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 1.25 (0.96–1.64) | 0.09 | |
| 35,001–50,000 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 0.56 | |
| > 50,000 | 11.9 | 13.2 | Reference | ||
| Do not know or missing | 44.6 | 43.4 | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.90 | |
| Education (%) | |||||
| < High school | 23.6 | 21.8 | 1.02 (0.84–1.25) | 0.84 | |
| High school graduate | 28.5 | 30.0 | 0.92 (0.75–1.12) | 0.40 | |
| Some college | 25.7 | 25.8 | 0.97 (0.80–1.18) | 0.77 | |
| ≥ College graduate | 22.2 | 22.4 | Reference | ||
| Insurance (%) | |||||
| Medicare | 50.7 | 43.2 | 2.22 (1.73–2.84) | < 0.001 | |
| Medicaid | 20.2 | 18.6 | 1.94 (1.50–2.51) | < 0.001 | |
| Self-pay | 21.2 | 25.2 | 1.53 (1.16–2.02) | 0.003 | |
| Private | 7.9 | 13.0 | Reference | ||
| Social support | Marital status (%) | ||||
| Currently married | 41.8 | 37.7 | 1.19 (1.04–1.36) | 0.01 | |
| Not currently married | 58.2 | 62.3 | Reference | ||
| No. of people live with (%) | |||||
| Alone | 21.0 | 21.8 | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.65 | |
| ≥ 1 | 79.0 | 78.2 | Reference | ||
| Someone to help (%) | |||||
| Yes | 91.4 | 89.9 | 1.15 (0.92–1.44) | 0.22 | |
| No | 8.6 | 10.2 | Reference | ||
| Regular physician (%) | |||||
| Yes | 84.0 | 79.4 | 1.44 (1.19–1.75) | < 0.001 | |
| No | 16.0 | 20.6 | Reference | ||
| Health condition | Charlson index, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) (per 1 unit change) | < 0.001 |
| Self-rated health, mean (SD) | 52.0 (24.9) | 55.8 (24.9) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) (per 10 unit change) | 0.31 | |
| Physical SF12, mean (SD) | 35.9 (12.4) | 38.8 (12.7) | 0.90 (0.83–0.98) (per 10 unit change) | 0.01 | |
| Mental SF12, mean (SD) | 47.2 (12.0) | 48.3 (11.5) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) (per 10 unit change) | 0.35 | |
| Mini mental state, mean (SD) | 20.2 (2.5) | 20.3 (2.3) | 0.85 (0.64–1.12) (per 10 unit change) | 0.25 | |
| Functional limitations (%) | |||||
| No help required | 44.2 | 54.4 | Reference | ||
| Little help with IADLs only | 14.7 | 14.3 | 0.99 (0.77–1.26) | 0.91 | |
| Lots of help with IADLs only | 10.4 | 8.5 | 1.16 (0.85–1.59) | 0.34 | |
| Little help with ADLs | 14.7 | 11.8 | 1.22 (0.91–1.64) | 0.18 | |
| Lots of help with ADLs | 16.0 | 11.0 | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 0.24 | |
| Healthcare utilization | Admissions in last year (%) | ||||
| None | 38.1 | 52.8 | Reference | ||
| 1 | 25.3 | 22.2 | 1.61 (1.36–1.89) | < 0.001 | |
| 2 | 12.9 | 10.5 | 1.71 (1.39–2.10) | < 0.001 | |
| 3 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 1.47 (1.13–1.92) | 0.005 | |
| 4 | 5.4 | 2.9 | 2.57 (1.89–3.51) | < 0.001 | |
| ≥ 5 | 11.8 | 5.3 | 3.02 (2.49–3.66) | < 0.001 | |
| Current length of stay (%) | |||||
| 1–2 days | 33.8 | 42.9 | Reference | ||
| > 2 days | 66.3 | 57.1 | 1.42 (1.25–1.60) | < 0.001 | |
| Stay extra day (%) | |||||
| Yes | 53.7 | 56.5 | 1.03 (0.89–1.19) | 0.69 | |
| No | 39.2 | 36.2 | Reference | ||
| Don’t know | 7.2 | 7.3 | 0.96 (0.75–1.22) | 0.71 |
a Because of rounding, percentages may not equal 100.
b Odds ratios and P values were derived from separate multivariable logistic regression models for each category; generalized estimating equations were used to account for clustering by discharging physician and hospital site was entered as a fixed effect in each model.