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. 2009 Mar 25;7(42):61–66. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0541

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© 2009 The Royal Society

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Comparison of bird and bat quantitative wake data plotted against normalized flight speed (U _norm). (a) Normalized start vortex circulation, . (b) Normalized total circulation of start sense, . (c) The circulation of the dominating start vortex relative to the total circulation of start sense (Γ _s/Γ _tot). (d) The normalized wake loading based on start vortex circulation, , and (e) based on total circulation of start sense, . The data are means±s.e.m. and the lines are fitted power regressions for each individual (grey circles, bat 11; black circles, bat 17; green down triangles, HM; red squares, TN; blue diamonds, ROw; turquoise diamonds, ROr).

Inline graphic — Comparison of bird and bat quantitative wake data plotted against normalized flight speed (U _norm). (a) Normalized start vortex circulation, . (b) Normalized total circulation of start sense, . (c) The circulation of the dominating start vortex relative to the total circulation of start sense (Γ _s/Γ _tot). (d) The normalized wake loading based on start vortex circulation, , and (e) based on total circulation of start sense, . The data are means±s.e.m. and the lines are fitted power regressions for each individual (grey circles, bat 11; black circles, bat 17; green down triangles, HM; red squares, TN; blue diamonds, ROw; turquoise diamonds, ROr).