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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Immunol. 2009 Nov;39(11):3239–3250. doi: 10.1002/eji.200839087

Figure 7. Proposed model of microbial induction of TL1A in gut inflammation.

Figure 7

Either bacteria (1) or ligands for TLR 1, 2, 4, 6, and 9 receptors (2) are sensed by APC and activate a signaling pathway (3) that leads to the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and p38 MAPK (4) to mediate the production of TL1A by APCs (5). The production of TL1A by APC then signals to CD4+ T cells to enhance IFN-γ expression and possibly other cytokines that augment Th1 immune response (6) in addition to its other known effect on Th2 and Th17 response.