Table 2.
HAP–Cs2CO3 catalysed Knoevenagel condensation between aromatic aldehydes and malonic acid at 80 °C using water as solvent.
 | ||||
| Productsa | R | Time (h) | Yield (%)b | mp (Lit. mp) °C |
| 3a | C6H5 | 4 | 76 | 136–137 (135–136) |
| 3b | 4-ClC6H4 | 3 | 88 | 245–247 (248) |
| 3c | 4-OCH3C6H4 | 4.5 | 80 | 198–200 (200–202) |
| 3d | 2-OHC6H4 | 3.5 | 79 | 215–217 (216–218) |
| 3e | 3-OCH3-4-OHC6H3 | 4 | 76 | 287–289 (286) |
| 3f | 3-NO2C6H4 | 4.5 | 75 | 199–200 (200–202) |
| 3g |  |
3 | 76 | 153–154 (152–154) |
| 3h | 3,4-(OCH3)2C6H3 | 4 | 85 | 182–183 (182–184) |
| 3i | 4-OHC6H4 | 6 | 71 | 213–214 (214) |
aAll the products were characterised by 1H NMR, IR, mass spectral data and comparison with authentic samples available commercially or prepared according to the reported methods.
bYields refer to the isolated yields.