Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for combined measures of maternal depressive symptoms, depression, and psychiatric medication use during pregnancy in relation to risk of preterm delivery subtypes in the POUCH study (1998–2004).

		Preterm		Preterm Subtype
				Medically Indicated 35–36 weeks		Medically Indicated < 35 week		Spontaneous 35–36 weeks		Spontaneous <35 weeks
	N	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)*	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)*	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)*	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)*	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)*	Adjusted§ OR (95% CI)*
CES-D† score and use of medications‡ during pregnancy
CES-D < 24, Meds No (reference)	2383	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
CES-D < 24, Meds Yes	119	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	0.4 (0.1, 2.8)	0.4 (0.1, 2.8)	2.5 (0.9, 7.1)	2.5 (0.9, 7.4)	1.1 (0.5, 2.5)	1.1 (0.5, 2.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
CES-D ≥ 24, Meds, No	432	0.8 (0.5, 1.1)	0.6 (0.4, 0.9)	0.7 (0.3, 1.6)	0.6 (0.3, 1.4)	0.7 (0.2, 1.9)	0.7 (0.2, 1.9)	0.9 (0.5, 1.4)	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)	0.6 (0.3, 1.3)	0.5 (0.2, 1.0)
CES-D ≥ 24 Meds, Yes	74	2.2 (1.2, 3.9)	2.0 (1.1, 3.6)	2.8 (1.0, 8.0)	2.5 (0.9, 7.3)	2.3 (0.5, 9.7)	2.3 (0.5, 9.8)	2.4 (1.1, 5.2)	2.2 (1.0, 4.8)	1.2 (0.3, 4.9)	1.1 (0.3, 4.8)
Prepregnancy history of depression (self-report) and use of medications‡ during pregnancy
No, Meds No (reference)	2371	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
No, Meds Yes	20	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Yes, Meds No	449	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	1.1 (0.8, 1.5)	1.1 (0.5, 2.2)	1.1 (0.6, 2.3)	1.2 (0.5, 2.9)	1.3 (0.5, 2.9)	0.9 (0.6, 1.5)	0.9 (0.5, 1.4)	1.4 (0.7, 2.5)	1.7 (0.9, 3.1)
Yes, Meds Yes	174	1.6 (1.0, 2.4)	1.6 (1.1, 2.5)	1.5 (0.6, 3.8)	1.5 (0.6, 3.8)	2.9 (1.2, 7.1)	2.9 (1.2, 7.2)	1.8 (1.0, 3.2)	1.8 (1.0, 3.1)	0.5 (0.1, 2.2)	0.6 (0.1, 2.6)
Depression during pregnancy(self-report) and use of medications‡ during pregnancy
No, Meds No (reference)	2775	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
No, Meds Yes	124	1.4 (0.8, 2.3)	1.4 (0.8, 2.4)	1.2 (0.4, 3.8)	1.1 (0.3, 3.7)	2.0 (0.6, 6.6)	2.0 (0.6, 6.7)	1.8 (1.0, 3.5)	1.8 (0.9, 3.5)	0.3 (0.0, 2.5)	0.4 (0.1, 2.9)
Yes, Meds No	47	0.8 (0.3, 2.1)	0.7 (0.2, 2.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	3.3 (0.8, 14)	3.2 (0.7, 14)	0.8 (0.2, 3.5)	0.8 (0.2, 3.2)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Yes, Meds Yes	70	1.4 (0.7, 2.7)	1.4 (0.7, 2.7)	1.4 (0.3, 5.9)	1.4 (0.3, 6.0)	3.5 (1.1, 12)	3.6 (1.1, 12)	1.2 (0.4, 3.3)	1.2 (0.4, 3.2)	0.6 (0.1, 4.4)	0.7 (0.1, 4.8)

^†Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

^‡Include psychiatric medication with or without tranquilizers, sedative, and sleeping pills.

^*Term delivery is referent group.

^§Adjusted for maternal race, age, parity, Medicaid status, smoking status, and BMI.