Immunization of mice with glycovaccines. A and B, Immunization of 5 groups of 6-10 BALB/c mice with TetC (●) as a control or with 1 of 4 glycovaccines: TetC-Ldon (○),TetC-Lmex (▼),TetC-Lmaj (▽), and TetC-LmajAra2 (■). Challenge was by needle injection with 1000 Leishmania mexicana metacyclic promastigotes (A) or by single bites of L. mexicana-infected sand flies (B). C, Immunization of 4 groups of 10 mice with PBS (●) or TetC (○) as controls or with TetC-Lmex (▼) or Lmex glycan (▽) followed by challenge by single sand fly bites. D, Immunization of 5 groups of 10 BALB/c mice as in panel A, but including CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), followed by challenge by injection. Error bars represent 1 SE.