Table 1.
Age-adjusted associations of lifestyle factors with male reproductive health problems: OR (95% CI)
| Characteristic | Number of men in each categorya | ED | LUTS | PD | pAD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of condition | 21.3% (1012/4753a) | 16% (811/4986) | 14% (677/4993) | 31% (1172/3756) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||||
| Small (<94) | 2470 | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)** |
| Medium (94.0-101.9) | 939 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Large (≥ 102) | 952 | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Underweight (<20) | 111 | 2.4 (1.3-4.3)* | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) | 0.6 (0.4-1.0) | 2.1 (1.2-3.8) |
| Acceptable (20.0-24.9) | 1652 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Overweight (25.0-29.9) | 2282 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 885 | 1.8 (1.4-2.2)** | 1.2 (0.9-1.4) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 1.8 (1.5-2.3)** |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Abstainer† | 630 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Low risk drinker‡ | 4002 | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
| Risky or high risk drinker§ | 359 | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) |
| Cigarette smoking | |||||
| Current smoker|| | 912 | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.6 (0.4-0.8)* | 1.3 (1.1-1.7)* |
| Former smoker¶ | 2321 | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)* |
| Never smoked | 1769 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
| Physical Activity | |||||
| Sedentary§§ | 1166 | 1.5 (1.2-1.8)** | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* |
| Insufficient activity†† | 2075 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) |
| Sufficient activity‡‡ | 1749 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) |
a Note: numbers included in each analysis differ slightly from those presented here due to missing data.
* p < 0.01 ** p < 0.001
† Do not consume alcohol; ‡ Drink up to 6 standard drinks on any one day, no more than three days a week; § Risky drinkers (7 to 10 standard drinks on any one day) and high risk drinkers (11 or more standard drinks on any one day)
||Currently smoke, daily, weekly or less often than weekly; ¶ Do not smoke now but have smoked at least 100 cigarettes or equivalent tobacco over a lifetime
§§ No participation in physical activity; †† Some physical activity reported but not meeting 'sufficient' criteria; ‡‡ At least five separate sessions of vigorous-intensity activity