Fig. 6.
Increased apoptosis is observed in explanted human myocardium obtained from patients with primary cardiac amyloidosis as compared to myocardium obtained from nonfailing human hearts. Nonfailing heart (Non-FH) samples (n = 6) were obtained from NDRI and explanted AL heart samples (n = 4) were obtained from patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis undergoing cardiac transplantation. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay (A), caspase3/7 activity (B), and ratio of Bax/Bcl2 protein expression and p53 expression normalized with GAPDH (C and D). Corresponding immunoblots of Bax, Bcl2, p53, and GAPDH are shown in C, where GAPDH serves as a loading control. Data are presented as means ± SE. *, P < 0.05 vs. Non-FH.