Fig. 1.

Evolution of reaction norms. Three theoretical patterns are illustrated. (A) One common form of genetic accommodation: reduction of the magnitude and environmental sensitivity of a trait; (B) genetic assimilation; and (C) constitutive up-regulation. Our results show (D) genetic accommodation in melanin, (E) loss of plasticity in Ddc expression, and (F) constitutive up-regulation in ebony expression. Gene expression is a relative measure, reported in terms of the highest expression level among samples. Data points are laterally offset to aid visualization. Error bars represent a single standard error. Lake I is Puppet, lake II is Evelyn, lake III is Source, and lake IV is Frog.