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Strategies to enhance antitumor T-cell responses*.
| Strategy |
|---|
| Use of costimulation in vaccine formulation |
| Cytokines |
| Effect on APC (GM-CSF) |
| Effect on T-cells (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-12) |
| Radiation |
| Chemotherapy |
| Small molecule targeted therapies |
| Inhibition of coinhibitory signals |
| At the tumor site (B7-H1, B7-H4) |
| Directly on T-cells (CTLA-4) |
| Depletion/inhibition of Treg cells |
| Inhibition of immunosuppressive cytokines |
| AntiTGF-β |
| AntiVEGF |
* Only a partial list is included here.
