Fig. 6.

Osteogenic induction. At 8 weeks, scaffolds that had been seeded with standard condition osteoinduced hMSCs were explanted and calcium deposits stained with von Kossa. Calcium deposition was extensive and restricted to the pore surfaces of the scaffolds. Vascularized scaffolds (B) in which the initial seeding for attached hMSCs had not undergone prior in vitro osteogenic induction had more extensive mineralization than avascular scaffolds (C) but less than (A). A section from a scaffold (A) also stained with Alizarin red (D). This scaffold was also immunopositive for the late marker of osteoblast differentiation, osteocalcin (brown with hematoxylin counterstaining) (E, magnified in F). (Scale bars: ; .)