Fig. 1.

Structure/function results from in vivo delivery of stem cell-loaded scaffolds. (A) Micro-CT (Upper) and x-ray (Lower) images of the best bone formation per group in defects receiving acellular scaffold (Left), hMSC-seeded scaffold (Center), or hAFS cell-seeded scaffold (Right). (B) In vivo bone volume comparison showing no significant differences between groups. (C) Pooling of scaffolds loaded with cells revealed significantly higher in vivo bone volume and postmortem torsional strength after 12 weeks compared to acellular scaffolds. (D) Similar DNA masses per scaffold indicate initial loading of comparable cell quantities. *, P < 0.05; †, P = 0.06.