Table 3.

Factors associated with HIV research productivity in sub-Saharan Africa, identified by negative binomial regressions

	Univariable		Multivariable
Indicator†	Coefficient (SE)	Percent change	Coefficient (SE)	Percent change
HIV patients	0.59(0.06)***	80.2	0.51(0.10)***	66.1
Gross domestic product	ns	ns	ns	ns
Education
Adult literacy rate	1.33(0.50)**	279.8	ns	ns
Public expenditure on education	ns	ns	ns	ns
Research and development researchers	0.54(0.22)*	71.7	ns	ns
Number of high institutions	0.70(0.14)***	101.7	ns	ns
Number of indexed journals	0.88(0.11)***	141.2	0.59(0.16)***	117.2
Health
Physicians per 100,000 population	0.73(0.11)***	108.2	ns	ns
Total expenditure on health	1.55(0.41)***	373.2	1.01(0.29)*	173.9
Private expenditure on health	1.70(0.47)***	445.0	0.60(0.29)*	81.4

SE-standard error; ns-not significant; * p <.05, **p < .01, ***p < 0.001

^†Indicators were log-transformed