Table 1.
Site | Location (UTM) | Mean annual rainfall (mm/year) | Elevation (m a.s.l.) | δ13C (±1 SD) | δ15N (±1 SD) | C/N ratio | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X | Y | Wet | Dry | Wet | Dry | Wet | Dry | |||
1. Mitzpe Harashim | 717853 | 3648546 | 994a | 847 | −27.2 ± 1.1 | −26.1 ± 1.2 | −2.5 ± 1.6 | −2.6 ± 1.2 | 23.1 ± 4.5 | 42.6 ± 13.6 |
2. Har Tayasim | 697806 | 3517219 | 593 | 775 | −28.2 ± 1.7 | −26.0 ± 0.7 | −3.5 ± 2.7 | −2.3 ± 1.6 | 31.9 ± 11.6 | 42.3 ± 7.5 |
3. Har Haruach | 697518 | 3522767 | 706 | 656 | – | −27.8b | – | −1.4b | – | 41.7b |
4. Beit Oren | 687438 | 3623170 | 697 | 334 | – | −28.5b | – | 1.5b | – | 39.6b |
5. Sataf | 700611 | 3516714 | 605a | 639 | – | −27.5 ± 0.5 | – | −1.2 ± 0.6 | – | 46.1 ± 12.4 |
6. Nahsholim | 681201 | 3610391 | 593a | 17 | – | −27.1b | – | 2.8b | – | 46.9b |
7. S’dot Micha | 680761 | 3510829 | 498a | 229 | −28.2 ± 1.2 | −26.0 ± 3.3 | −1.6 ± 1.0 | −1.7 ± 2.1 | 20.9 ± 5.3 | 36.2 ± 4.6 |
8. Ein-Dor | 727315 | 3615688 | 503 | 81 | −28.6 ± 1.2 | − | −0.9 ± 1.4 | − | 15.3 ± 2.0 | – |
9. Bet Guvrin | 682768 | 3498901 | 375a | 346 | −27.9 ± 1.0 | −25.8 ± 1.8 | −3.2 ± 0.9 | −2.7 ± 2.1 | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 41.8 ± 7.5 |
10. Nofei Prat | 720089 | 3523363 | 356 | 347 | −27.3 ± 0.5 | −27.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 25.6 ± 4.6 | 46.6 ± 15.2 |
11. Alon 1 | 722287 | 3524064 | 314 | 269 | −26.3 ± 1.0 | −26.9 ± 0.3 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | 23.6 ± 3.1 | – |
12. Alon 2 | 722298 | 3524185 | 314 | 245 | −26.3 ± 1.0 | – | 1.4 ± 0.7 | – | 20.9 ± 11.6 | 41.72 ± 4.1 |
13. Mitzpe Jericho | 727212 | 3522175 | 198 | 115 | −26.0 ± 0.4 | −26.5b | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 2.6b | 22.6 ± 3.0 | 32.02b |
14. Metzokei Dragot ER | 728051 | 3496676 | 82 | −328 | −25.4 ± 0.4 | – | 0.9 ± 1.1 | – | 22.5 ± 4.6 | – |
15. Metzokei Dragot DW | 728080 | 3496682 | 82 | −335 | −26.4 ± 0.9 | – | 3.6 ± 0.7 | – | 24.6 ± 4.4 | – |
16. Metzokei Dragot DWD | 728032 | 3496631 | 82 | −324 | –27.1 ± 1.0 | –27.0 ± 2.6 | 3.0 ± 3.3 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | – | 40.2 ± 8.2 |
17. Dead Sea trees DWD | 728314 | 3496843 | 80 | −391 | −26.5 ± 1.1 | −26.6 ± 0.1 | 7.2 ± 2.8 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 16.5 ± 6.1 | 24.2 ± 7.1 |
18. Lehavim | 673696 | 3471975 | 296a | 353 | −28.5 ± 1.6 | −25.6 ± 1.8 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 20.3 ± 6.0 | 32.0 ± 10.8 |
19. Be’er Sheva | 673510 | 3460402 | 184a | 339 | −27.2 ± 0.5 | −25.7 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 1.7 | 20.7 ± 3.3 | 37.5 ± 9.0 |
20. Nahal Secher ER | 675193 | 3439441 | 133 | 357 | −26.6 ± 0.5 | −25.2 ± 1.9 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | – | 39.3 ± 16.1 |
21. Nahal Secher DW | 674312 | 3441398 | 138 | 336 | −28.0 ± 2.1 | – | 5.0 ± 1.6 | – | 12.8 ± 10.8 | – |
22. Mash’abei Sadé ER | 670135 | 3433175 | 98a | 362 | −26.7 ± 1.2 | −25.4 ± 1.7 | −0.2 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 16.9 ± 0.7 | 37.9 ± 10.8 |
23. Shivta ER | 653344 | 3423745 | 89 | 354 | −26.7 ± 1.1 | −22.63b | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 2.0b | 16.2 ± 3.5 | 31.3b |
24. Shivta DW | 653139 | 3423652 | 89 | 343 | −28.1 ± 3.4 | – | 2.4 ± 2.2 | – | 21.3 ± 5.9 | – |
25. Borot Lotz ER | 654266 | 3375716 | 77a | 993 | −26.3 ± 0.3 | −25.0 ± 1.3 | −1.3 ± 2.5 | −0.9. ± 2.6 | 13.2 ± 2.0 | 35.5 ± 10.1 |
26. Ezuz ER | 640509 | 3407247 | 75a | 329 | −25.4 ± 0.8 | – | 8.0 ± 0.5 | – | 18.2 ± 4.1 | – |
27. Ezuz DW | 640423 | 3407415 | 75a | 323 | −27.7 ± 1.6 | −25.2 ± 1.1 | 8.3 ± 4.4 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 12.7 ± 6.0 | 27.5 ± 12.1 |
UTM Universal transverse Mercator, ER exposed ridge, DW dry wash, DWD dry wash on dolomite rock
aDirect rainfall measurement recorded in nearby weather stations, while all other values are extrapolated from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem GIS database
bSites where only one plant life form was analyzed