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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Aging. 2010 Mar;25(1):132–141. doi: 10.1037/a0017805

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Cross-lagged panel model showing that loneliness has a long-lag effect on blood pressure net of demographic, behavioral, health, and medication covariates. Regression weights for unidirectional pathways are unstandardized. Bidirectional pathways are standardized and equivalent to correlations.

L = UCLA Loneliness; BP = Systolic Blood Pressure; Age = age at study onset, in years; Female = female gender; Black = non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity; Hispanic = Hispanic race/ethnicity; SNI = Social network index; Smoker = current smoker, yes/no; Exsmoker = former smoker, yes/no; BMI = body mass index; Exercise = any activity in past 14 days, yes/no; Alcohol = current drinker, yes/no; Antilipid = anti-lipid medication, yes/no; CVagent = cardiovascular medication, yes/no; Charlson = Charlson comorbidity index. Digit suffixes refer to study year.

* p < .05, ** p < .01.