Table 3.
Loneliness and Cortisol: Three Level Model (N = 108)
| Fixed Effects | Coefficient | SE | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wakeup Cortisol Level, Π0 | |||
| Average wakeup cortisol level,β00 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept, γ000 | 1.913** | .0642 | awakening level = 7.038 nmol/L |
| Level 2 Same Day Nervous/Stress, β01 | −.074 | .066 | n.s. |
| Level 2 Prior Day Nervous/Stress, β02 | −.205 | .107 | 2% decrease per 10 % increase in Nervous/Stress |
| Level 2 Same Day Lonely/Sad, β03 | −.172 | .142 | n.s. |
| Level 2 Prior Day Lonely/Sad, β04 | −.200 | .134 | n.s. |
| Trait Loneliness, γ001 | −.039 | .044 | n.s. |
| Cortisol Awakening Response, Π1 | |||
| Average size of CAR, β10 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept, γ100 | 509** | .062 | 66.3% increase in cortisol at CAR sample |
| Level 2 Same Day Nervous/Stress, β11 | −.149 | .115 | n.s. |
| Level 2 Prior Day Nervous/Stress, β12 | .197 | .215 | n.s. |
| Level 2 Same Day Lonely/Sad, β13 | .142 | .269 | n.s. |
| Level 2 Prior Day Lonely/Sad, β14 | .477 | .203 | 4.77% increase per 10 % increase in Lonely/Sad |
| Trait Loneliness, γ101 | .020 | .039 | n.s. |
| Time Since Waking, Π2 | |||
| Average slope at wake at wakeup, β20 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept, γ200 | −.091** | .014 | 9.5% decrease per hour at awakening |
| Trait Loneliness, γ201 | .020* | .010 | 2% flatter |
| Major Depressive Disorder, γ202 | .209* | .089 | 23.2% flatter |
| TimeSinceWaking2, Π3 | |||
| Average asymptotic slope, β3 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept, γ300 | .001 | .001 | n.s. |
| Trait Loneliness, γ301 | −.001* | .000 | .01% less |
| Momentary Lonely/Sad, Π4 | |||
| Average momentary sad-lonely factor, β40 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept, γ400 | .062 | .087 | n.s. |
| Trait Loneliness, γ401 | −0.99* | .049 | 10.4% decrease per 1 SD increase |
| Chronic Interpersonal Stress, γ402 | .161+ | .094 | 17.5% increase per 1 SD increase |
| Momentary Nervous/Stress, Π5 | |||
| Average momentary nervous-stress, β50 | |||
| Level 1 Intercept of Momentary Stress, γ500 | .031 | .057 | n.s. |
| Trait Loneliness, γ501 | .006 | .039 | n.s. |
*
Note: p<.05
**
p<.01
All l Level 1 predictors are uncentered. Chronic Interpersonal Stress and Major Depressive Disorder are included as covariates for each parameter but only shown when significant. Also controlling for nicotine use, caffeine use, oral contraceptive use, follicular stage, race/ethnicity, waketime, compliance at wake up and 30 minutes post wake up. All cortisol levels and mood factors have been log transformed.