Table 2.

Summary of surface modifications of liposome-based nanocarriers investigated for targeting anti-HIV drugs to different cells/tissues/organs

Anti-HIV drugs	Surface modifications	Cells/tissues/organs	Reference
ddC	Induction of charge in lipid composition of liposomes	RAW 264.7 macrophage- like cells	[67]
d4T	Presence of charge on the liposome bilayer. Stearylamine or dicetylphosphate used for induction of positive or negative charge on the bilayer	U937 M/M cells	[68]
NB-DNJ	Soluble recombinant CD4 molecule and IgG antibody conjugated separately to liposomes	PBMCs	[69]
No drug	CD4-derived peptide coupled to liposome	CD4+ Sup-T1, H9 and chronically infected H9/111B cells	[70]
AZT-prodrug	Acetylation of LDL	J7774.A and U937 macrophage-like cells	[17]
FLT and AZT	Covalent coupling of AZT and FLT to LDL	HIV infected human macrophages and Molt 4/8 cells (CD4+ T cell line)	[71]
ddCTP	Antibody attached to liposome surface	Human M/M cells	[73]
ddITP	Antibody attached to liposome surface	Human M/M cells	[74]
AZT	Induction of cations by sterylamine on liposome-like emulsomes	Liver cells	[75]
ddCTP	Induction of charge on liposome surface	Cells of MPS	[77]
IDV	Fab′ antibody fragment conjugated to immunoliposomes	LNs	[78]
d4T	Mannose conjugated to liposome surface	MT-2 (HTLV-1- transformed human lymphoid) cell line and tissue distribution following IV in rats	[79]
AZTP	Galactose conjugated to liposome surface	Organs distribution following IV via tail vein in mice	[80]
d4T	Galactose conjugated to liposome surface	Liver parenchymal cells harvested from male albino rats	[81]