Table 2.
Prevalence of childhood and adult antisocial behaviors in the total NESARC sample and subsample of respondents with antisocial personality disorder, by lifetime inhalant use/inhalant-use disorder status*
| Total sample |
Antisocial personality disorder subsample |
|||||||
| Behaviors | Overall (N = 41,364) | IUD+(n = 128) | IUD−(n = 505) | Inhalant nonusers (n = 40,731) | Overall (N = 1,380) | IUD+(n = 132) | IUD−(n = 61) | Inhalant nonusers (n = 1,187) |
| Childhood antisocial behaviors | ||||||||
| Bullying/threatening/intimidation | 4.3 | 30.0a,b | 18.2b,c | 4.0a,c | 46.5 | 55.3 | 45.4 | 46.2 |
| (0.16) | (4.62) | (2.14) | (0.15) | (1.68) | (7.38) | (5.82) | (1.82) | |
| Starting physical fights | 2.9 | 23.4a,b | 9.9b,c | 2.7a,c | 35.2 | 40.8 | 28.0 | 35.8 |
| (0.12) | (5.01) | (1.59) | (0.11) | (1.57) | (7.91) | (4.52) | (1.61) | |
| Using dangerous weapons | 0.9 | 12.0a,b | 2.7b,c | 0.8a,c | 14.1 | 25.2 | 9.6 | 14.1 |
| (0.06) | (3.61) | (0.75) | (0.06) | (1.19) | (6.75) | (2.57) | (1.30) | |
| Physical cruelty to people | 3.3 | 28.3a,b | 12.2b,c | 3.0a,c | 37.5 | 52.2 | 30.6 | 37.6 |
| (0.13) | (4.74) | (1.80) | (0.12) | (1.74) | (7.21) | (4.74) | (1.90) | |
| Physical cruelty to animals | 1.3 | 13.0a | 7.5a | 1.1a,b | 14.6 | 24.2 | 15.3 | 14.0 |
| (0.07) | (3.74) | (1.21) | (0.07) | (1.14) | (6.58) | (3.46) | (1.19) | |
| Stealing with confrontation** | 0.1 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 10.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| (0.02) | (2.75) | (0.27) | (0.01) | (0.38) | (5.47) | (0.96) | (0.32) | |
| Forcing someone into sex** | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 |
| (0.01) | (0.62) | (0.39) | (0.01) | (0.13) | (0.95) | (1.00) | (0.08) | |
| Deliberate fire setting | 0.9 | 9.4a | 7.8b | 0.7a,b | 12.7 | 18.5 | 25.4 | 10.8 |
| (0.06) | (2.79) | (1.88) | (0.06) | (1.19) | (5.57) | (5.65) | (1.13) | |
| Deliberate vandalism | 1.8 | 19.9a | 16.4b | 1.5a,b | 32.3 | 39.7 | 48.4 | 29.8 |
| (0.10) | (4.27) | (2.37) | (0.09) | (1.55) | (7.33) | (6.01) | (1.51) | |
| Frequent lying for secondary gain | 3.2 | 25.6a | 16.9b | 3.0a,b | 42.5 | 46.5 | 50.5 | 41.3 |
| (0.12) | (4.91) | (1.97) | (0.11) | (1.60) | (7.63) | (4.97) | (1.79) | |
| Nonconfrontational stealing | 11.8 | 56.2a | 53.7b | 11.0a,b | 75.6 | 83.7 | 92.7a | 73.0a |
| (0.38) | (5.26) | (2.58) | (0.35) | (1.40) | (5.62) | (2.53) | (1.54) | |
| Staying out all night without parental permission | 2.6 | 23.1a,b | 10.7b,c | 2.4a,c | 28.2 | 47.3 | 29.8 | 27.0 |
| (0.12) | (4.73) | (1.65) | (0.11) | (1.53) | (7.80) | (4.55) | (1.58) | |
| Running away at least twice or once without returning | 2.6 | 22.8a,b | 12.6b,c | 2.4a,c | 30.3 | 38.1 | 34.4 | 29.3 |
| (0.12) | (4.58) | (1.78) | (0.11) | (1.48) | (7.18) | (4.80) | (1.59) | |
| Frequent truancy | 3.0 | 29.2a,b | 14.8b,c | 2.8a,c | 30.6 | 56.5 | 32.0 | 29.1 |
| (0.12) | (4.60) | (1.89) | (0.11) | (1.41) | (7.09) | (5.22) | (1.53) | |
| Adult antisocial behaviors | ||||||||
| Repeated unlawful behaviors | 17.3 | 81.9a | 76.8b | 16.3a,b | 82.3 | 91.0a | 92.7b | 80.a,b |
| (0.49) | (4.06) | (2.49) | (0.46) | (1.19) | (4.38) | (3.02) | (1.371) | |
| Deceitfulness | 5.9 | 47.9a,b | 30.3b,c | 5.4a,c | 48.7 | 61.6 | 56.7 | 47.1 |
| (0.17) | (5.37) | (2.42) | (0.15) | (1.72) | (7.32) | (5.60) | (1.76) | |
| Impulsivity/failure to plan ahead | 20.8 | 72.4a,b | 55.6b,c | 20.2a,c | 72.9 | 87.9 | 75.2 | 71.8 |
| (0.46) | (4.11) | (2.72) | (0.45) | (1.52) | (4.46) | (4.67) | (1.66) | |
| Irritability/aggressiveness | 14.2 | 69.7a,b | 46.1b,c | 13.6a,c | 77.4 | 89.6 | 72.4 | 77.5 |
| (0.37) | (4.77) | (2.64) | (0.35) | (1.45) | (4.41) | (5.16) | (1.55) | |
| Recklessness | 22.1 | 76.6a | 66.9b | 21.3a,b | 71.1 | 83.7 | 82.1 | 69.1 |
| (0.67) | (4.32) | (2.56) | (0.65) | (1.63) | (5.88) | (5.13) | (1.80) | |
| Consistent irresponsibility | 16.6 | 68.0a,b | 53.0b,c | 15.9a,c | 67.6 | 82.4 | 70.1 | 66.6 |
| (0.35) | (4.65) | (2.82) | (0.33) | (1.58) | (5.53) | (4.82) | (1.74) | |
Notes: Chi-square tests were used for overall comparisons, with adjustments for multiple comparisons. Where differences were observed (α = .0025), post hoc contrasts were conducted to identify specific group differences; groups with shared superscripts are significantly different. NESARC = National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions; IUD+ = inhalant users with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), inhalant-use disorders; IUD– = lifetime inhalant users without lifetime DSM-IV inhalant-use disorders; inhalant nonusers reported no lifetime inhalant use.
Values are column percentages (SEs) unless otherwise specified;
test statistic was not reported because of low cell counts.