Table 2.
Racial-ethnic and stigma parameters from adjusteda models predicting selected outcomes among individuals with lifetime alcohol dependence (based on criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition)
| Models predicting lifetime treatment utilization/12-step participationa |
Models predicting past-year mental/psychological functioning (NBMCS)a |
|||||
| Variable | β | (SE) | p | β | (SE) | p |
| Models disregarding stigma score | ||||||
| White | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Black | −0.027 | (0.145) | .852 | −1.063 | (0.533) | .050 |
| Native American | 0.018 | (0.282) | .950 | −0.719 | (1.323) | .589 |
| Asian | −0.224 | (0.538) | .679 | −0.275 | (1.288) | .832 |
| Hispanic | 0.075 | (0.151) | .620 | 1.139 | (0.498) | .025 |
| Models controlling for stigma score | ||||||
| White | ref. | ref. | ||||
| Black | −0.007 | (0.145) | .963 | −0.781 | (0.527) | .144 |
| Native American | <0.001 | (0.283) | .999 | −0.842 | (1.273) | .511 |
| Asian | −0.215 | (0.541) | .692 | −0.081 | (1.286) | .950 |
| Hispanic | 0.097 | (0.152) | .527 | 1.419 | (0.504) | .006 |
| Stigma score | −0.011 | (0.006) | .063 | −0.142 | (0.021) | .000 |
Notes: Ref. = reference. NBMCS = norm-based mental component score.
All models controlled for age; sex; marital status; family income; education; lifetime drug-use disorder; lifetime nicotine dependence; lifetime mood, anxiety, and personality disorders; lifetime alcohol consumption; and number of lifetime alcohol-use-disorder symptoms. NBMCS models also controlled for current alcohol-use disorders, but not lifetime mood and anxiety disorders as these were presumed to represent an inherent element of psychological functioning.