Table 2. Frailty According to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).

		Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Sleep Questionnaire	n/N (%)	Unadjusted	Adjusted*
ESS score
<10 (no drowsiness)	90/279 (32.3)	1.00
≥10 (daytime drowsiness)	56/87 (64.4)	3.79 (2.29–6.29)	3.67 (2.03–6.61)†
ISI score
<8 (no insomnia)	81/212 (38.2)	1.00
8–14 (subthreshold insomnia)	48/122 (39.3)	1.05 (0.66–1.66)	0.89 (0.51–1.55)
>14 (clinical insomnia)	24/38 (63.2)	2.77 (1.36–5.67)	1.93 (0.81–4.61)

^*Based on a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score <24), number of chronic conditions, self-reported health status, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16), and use of a medication with adverse central nervous system effects; a variable for number of medications was entered into the multivariable model but was highly nonsignificant (P > .50) and was deleted from the reported model.

^†An interaction term crossing the self-reported health status covariate with the ESS main predictor was statistically significant (P = .02) in a separate adjusted model; the odds ratio for the ESS predictor for participants with fair to poor health was 8.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.25–24.46), and for those with good to excellent health, it was 2.11 (95% CI = 0.99–4.48).