Table 3. Slow Gait Speed According to the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sleep Questionnaire | n/N (%) | Unadjusted | Adjusted* |
ESS score | |||
<10 (no drowsiness) | 126/284 (44.4) | 1.00 | |
≥10 (daytime drowsiness) | 61/87 (70.1) | 2.94 (1.76–4.92) | 3.12 (1.72–5.65)† |
ISI score | |||
<8 (no insomnia) | 112/216 (51.9) | 1.00 | |
8–14 (subthreshold insomnia) | 57/122 (46.7) | 0.81 (0.52–1.27) | 0.68 (0.39–1.17)‡ |
>14 (clinical insomnia) | 25/39 (64.1) | 1.66 (0.82–3.36) | 1.01 (0.42–2.44)‡ |
Based on a logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, number of chronic conditions, self-reported health status, number of medications, use of a medication with adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score <24), and significant depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥16).
Variables for depressive symptoms and use of a medication with adverse CNS effects were entered into the multivariable model but were highly nonsignificant (P > .50) and were deleted from the reported model.
Variables for number of medications and for use of a medication with CNS adverse effects were entered into the multivariable model but were highly nonsignificant (P > .50) and were deleted from the reported model.