Table 3.

Meat-Cooking Methods, Doneness Level, Meat Mutagens, and AML (204 Cases Among 307,597 Individuals Who Completed the Second Questionnaire) in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study, United States, 1995–2003

	Tertile of Intake			P for Trend
	1	2	3
Cooking methodsa
Pan-fried meat (g/1,000 kcal)b
No. of cases	82	50	72
No. of person-years	787,002	634,986	704,024
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.71	0.98	0.45
95% CI		0.50, 1.02	0.71, 1.36
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.70	0.89	0.86
95% CI		0.48, 1.00	0.64, 1.23
Grilled/barbecued meat (g/1,000 kcal)b
No. of cases	58	74	72
No. of person-years	708,272	709,327	708,413
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	1.41	1.55	0.04
95% CI		0.99, 2.00	1.07, 2.24
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	1.32	1.32	0.23
95% CI		0.93, 1.88	0.91, 1.92
Sautéed, baked, or microwaved meat (g/1,000 kcal)b
No. of cases	91	34	79
No. of person-years	926,017	489,094	710,901
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.65	1.14	0.09
95% CI		0.43, 0.97	0.82, 1.58
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.67	1.26	0.02
95% CI		0.44, 1.00	0.91, 1.74
Oven-broiled meat (g/1,000 kcal)b
No. of cases	124	11	69
No. of person-years	1,300,951	118,788	706,273
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.98	1.09	0.57
95% CI		0.53, 1.83	0.80, 1.49
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.96	1.04	0.78
95% CI		0.52, 1.80	0.76, 1.43
Doneness levela
Well-done/very-well-done meat (g/1,000 kcal)d
No. of cases	64	69	71
No. of person-years	708,299	708,394	709,320
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	1.19	1.32	0.16
95% CI		0.84, 1.70	0.92, 1.91
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	1.14	1.26	0.24
95% CI		0.80, 1.62	0.87, 1.82
Rare/medium-done meat (g/1,000 kcal)d
No. of cases	65	59	80
No. of person-years	710,825	707,954	707,234
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.97	1.48	0.01
95% CI		0.68, 1.39	1.04, 2.12
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.93	1.32	0.06
95% CI		0.65, 1.33	0.92, 1.89
Meat mutagensa
2-Amino-3,4,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (ng/1,000 kcal)
No. of cases	79	57	68
No. of person-years	767,289	650,816	707,907
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.83	0.96	0.92
95% CI		0.59, 1.17	0.70, 1.33
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.84	0.91	0.81
95% CI		0.59, 1.18	0.66, 1.27
2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (ng/1,000 kcal)
No. of cases	56	70	78
No. of person-years	709,891	706,834	709,288
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	1.31	1.54	0.02
95% CI		0.92, 1.86	1.09, 2.17
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	1.16	1.33	0.13
95% CI		0.82, 1.66	0.94, 1.88
2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (ng/1,000 kcal)
No. of cases	67	58	79
No. of person-years	710,358	709,573	706,082
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	0.89	1.26	0.08
95% CI		0.62, 1.26	0.91, 1.74
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.83	1.11	0.29
95% CI		0.58, 1.18	0.80, 1.54
Benzo[a]pyrene (ng/1,000 kcal)
No. of cases	66	66	72
No. of person-years	706,139	711,257	708,615
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	1.03	1.20	0.24
95% CI		0.73, 1.44	0.86, 1.68
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	1.02	1.06	0.71
95% CI		0.72, 1.43	0.76, 1.49
Mutagen activity (revertant colonies/1,000 kcal)
No. of cases	66	66	72
No. of person-years	709,970	707,437	708,605
Age-adjusted model
HR	1.00	1.05	1.20	0.26
95% CI		0.74, 1.47	0.86, 1.68
Multivariate modelc
HR	1.00	0.93	1.04	0.69
95% CI		0.66, 1.32	0.74, 1.46

Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; NIH, National Institutes of Health.

^aAdjusted for energy by using the density method.

^bPan-fried meat; grilled/barbecued meat; sautéed, baked, or microwaved meat; and oven-broiled meat were mutually adjusted for in the model.

^cAdjusted for age at baseline (continuous), gender, smoking status (never, former smoker of ≤1 pack/day, current smoker of ≤1 pack/day, and unknown), and total energy intake (continuous).

^dWell-done/very-well-done meat and rare/medium-done meat were mutually adjusted for in the model.