Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of 4,711 CARDIA Study Participants by Incident Hypertension Over 20 Years, 1985–2006

	Total No.	Developed Hypertension, %	Did Not Develop Hypertension, %	P Valuea
	Categorical variables
No.	4,711	21.7	78.3
Women	2,596	21.2	78.8	0.35
African American	2,362	29.3	70.7	<0.0001
Physical activity				<0.0001
Low	2,726	24.0	76.0
Moderate	1,300	19.2	80.9
High	684	17.7	82.3
Smoking status				0.03
None	2,643	22.0	78.0
Past	631	17.8	82.3
Current	1,406	23.0	77.0
Family history of hypertension	2,277	27.9	72.1	<0.0001
Educationb				<0.0001
<High school	98	36.7	63.3
High school	1,156	31.9	68.1
Some college	388	33.5	66.5
College graduate	954	17.3	82.7
Graduate degree	619	17.6	82.4
Household incomeb				<0.0001
<$16,000	337	38.3	61.7
$16,000–$24,999	175	32.6	67.4
$25,000–$49,999	657	28.8	71.2
$50,000–$74,999	643	26.4	73.6
$75,000–$99,999	533	23.8	76.3
≥$100,000	1,003	17.0	83.1
Difficulty paying for the followingb
Basics	845	33.4	66.6	<0.0001
Medical care	913	30.1	69.9	<0.0001
Drinking status				<0.0001
Never	379	25.1	74.9
Former	264	31.8	68.2
Light	2,792	20.9	79.1
Moderate	659	22.2	77.9
At risk	617	18.8	81.2
	Continuous variables
Age, years (mean (SD))	24.8 (3.7)	25.5 (3.6)	24.6 (3.6)	<0.0001
Body mass index, kg/m2 (mean (SD))	24.4 (4.9)	26.6 (6.1)	23.7 (4.3)	<0.0001
Drinks per day, no. (mean (SD))	0.69 (1.3)	0.66 (1.2)	0.70 (1.3)	0.46

Abbreviations: CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; SD, standard deviation.

^aComparing participants who developed hypertension with those who had not.

^bAt year 20.