Table 3.

Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for 20-Year Incidence of Hypertension With Alcohol Consumption Modeled in NIAAA Categories, the CARDIA Study, 1985–2006

Drinking Statusa	Total		African-American Women		European-American Women		African-American Men		European-American Men
	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Interval
	Model 1b
Former	1.15	0.83, 1.59	1.27	0.79, 2.02	0.59	0.23, 1.53	0.90	0.43, 1.90	2.75	0.80, 9.47
Light	0.82	0.65, 1.04	0.82	0.60, 1.12	0.47	0.23, 0.95	0.96	0.61, 1.53	1.46	0.46, 4.67
Moderate	0.83	0.62, 1.12	0.97	0.62, 1.50	0.36	0.14, 0.91	0.96	0.55, 1.71	1.46	0.44, 4.81
At risk	0.82	0.60, 1.12	0.72	0.43, 1.21	0.25	0.10, 0.65	1.33	0.76, 2.32	1.47	0.44, 4.96
	Model 2c
Former	1.07	0.74, 1.54	1.27	0.69, 2.02	0.59	0.23, 1.53	0.66	0.26, 1.66	2.75	0.80, 9.47
Light	0.77	0.60, 1.00	0.82	0.60, 1.12	0.47	0.23, 0.95	0.90	0.52. 1.54	1.46	0.46, 4.67
Moderate	0.82	0.59, 1.13	0.97	0.62, 1.50	0.36	0.14, 0.91	0.98	0.51, 1.90	1.46	0.44, 4.81
At risk	0.76	0.54, 1.07	0.72	0.43, 1.21	0.25	0.10, 0.65	1.12	0.57, 2.23	1.47	0.44, 4.96

Abbreviations: CARDIA, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; NIAAA, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

^aReference category: never.

^bModel 1: adjusted for age and family history of hypertension, plus body mass index (continuous) and smoking status. Total column, also adjusted for race and gender.

^cModel 2: adjusted as in model 1 plus education, income, difficulty paying for basics, and difficulty paying for medical care.