Figure 2.

Resveratrol prevents the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CCR7 and down-regulates CD1a expression, while retaining the expression of DC-SIGN (CD209). Dendritic cells (DCs) were differentiated from human peripheral monocytes using granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 for 5 days and further stimulated to mature with LPS. In some cases, DCs were treated with 50 μm resveratrol (at this concentration the greatest effects were documented in the context of costimulatory, inhibitory and differentiation markers) either throughout the differentiation and maturation stage (t = 0) or just 45 min prior to maturation (t = 5). Cells were stained on day 5 [immature DCs (iDCs)] and day 7 [mature DCs (mDCs)] and analysed by flow cytometry. The dashed line represents isotypic controls and the solid line represents the depicted surface marker. (a) Surface expression of CD1a and DC-SIGN on control iDCs and resveratrol-treated differentiated iDCs is shown. (b) Expression of CCR7 on resveratrol-treated DCs at either t = 0 or t = 5 in comparison to control iDCs and mDCs. The first number in brackets shows the percentage of positively stained cells, and the second number shows the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values. One representative experiment out of three is shown.