FIG. 9.
Mechanistic relationships between actin cytoskeletal dynamics and the control of small GTPases Rap1 and Rac1. Shown is a schematic diagram outlining known relationships between genes associated with sporadic ALS (IQGAP, Rap1GAP, MAGI, and TIAM) (37), and their potential influence on Rac1 activation and function. Arrows denote an activating relationship between connected effectors. †denotes genes identified in genomic screens as strongly associated with sporadic ALS (37). *denotes genes known to be mutated in inherited forms of ALS. ^denotes mouse redox-modifiers genes known to influence disease progression in the SOD1G93A transgenic mouse model. See text for details.