Table 1.
Mean values of measured parameters ± s.d. for the three types of leg kinematics observed in G. substriatus swimming on the water surface (see the text for an explanation of the parameters).
| type of leg kinematics | frequency of propulsion episodes (Hz) | time between hind and middle leg strokes (ms) | maximum hind leg angle (°) | maximum middle leg angle (°) | acceleration (g) | beetle speed (cm s−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| type I | 12.4 (±1.8) | – | – | 103.7(±3.5) | 0.689 (±0.154) | 15.05 (±1.61) |
| type II | 10.6 (±1.8) | 8.9 (±1.3) | 77.1 (±5.6) | 96.8 (±4.8) | 0.801 (±0.219) | 18.34 (±2.13) |
| type III | 36.2 (±8.5) | 10.0 (±1.3) | 105.3 (±8.9) | 79.3 (±7.7) | 2.857 (±0.780) | 48.41 (±6.84) |